Ann Integr Mol Med. 2023;3(1):AIMM-03-1011 | Open Access
Xueqing Chen, Yanzhui Liu, Xianjun Ou and Jie Jia
Objective: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbal formulae provide valuable therapeutic strategies. However, the active ingredients and mechanisms of action remain unclear for most of these formulae. Therefore, the identification of complex mechanisms is a major challenge in TCM research.
Methods: This study used a network pharmacology approach to clarify the anti-inflammatory and cough suppressing mechanisms of ... Read more
RESEARCH ARTICLE Updated Apr 17, 2023 PDF
Ann Integr Mol Med. 2021;2(1):AIMM-02-1010 | Open Access
Vladimir Volloch1* and Sophia Rits-Volloch2,3
The present article describes a New Paradigm of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the Old Paradigm, formalized in the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis (ACH) theory of AD, beta amyloid (Aβ) is produced, both in health and disease, solely in the amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) proteolytic/secretory pathway. Two βAPP cleavages are involved. First cleavage, by beta-secretase (Beta-site ... Read more
PERSPECTIVE Updated Jan 01, 0001 PDF
Ann Integr Mol Med. 2021;2(1):AIMM-02-1009 | Open Access
Vladimir Volloch1* and Sophia Rits-Volloch2,3
Molecular Biology, a branch of science established to examine the flow of information from “letters” encrypted into DNA structure to functional proteins, was initially defined by a concept of DNA-to-RNA-to-Protein information movement, a notion termed the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. RNA-dependent mRNA amplification, a novel mode of eukaryotic protein-encoding RNA-to-RNA-to-Protein genomic information transfer, constitutes the extension of ... Read more
PERSPECTIVE Updated Feb 04, 2021 PDF
Ann Integr Mol Med. 2020;2(1):AIMM-02-1008 | Open Access
Vladimir Volloch, Bjorn Olsen and Sophia Rits
A paradigm shift is under way in the Alzheimer’s field. A view of Alzheimer’s disease, AD, prevailing until now, the old paradigm, maintains that it is initiated and driven by the overproduction and extracellular accumulation of beta-amyloid, Aβ; a peptide assumed to be derived, both in health and disease, solely by proteolysis of its large ... Read more
PERSPECTIVE Updated Aug 12, 2020 PDF
Ann Integr Mol Med. 2020;2(1):AIMM-1007 | Open Access
Vladimir Volloch1*, Bjorn Olsen1 and Sophia Rits2,3
A view of the origin and progression of Alzheimer’s disease, AD, prevailing until now and formalized as the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis theory, maintains that the disease is initiated by overproduction of beta-amyloid, Aβ, which is generated solely by the Aβ precursor protein, βAPP, proteolytic pathway and secreted from the cell. Consequent extracellular accumulation of A&... Read more
PERSPECTIVE Updated Apr 08, 2020 PDF
Ann Integr Mol Med. 2020;2(1):AIMM-01-1006 | Open Access
Vladimir Volloch, Bjorn R Olsen and Sophia Rits
The present study posits that Alzheimer’s disorder is a “fast” disease. This is in sharp contrast to a view, prevailing until now, that Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a quintessential “slow” disease that develops throughout the life as one prolonged process. According to this view, beta-amyloid (Aβ) is produced solely by the ... Read more
PERSPECTIVE Updated Jan 06, 2020 PDF
Ann Integr Mol Med. 2019;1(1):AIMM-01-1005 | Open Access
Vladimir Volloch, Bjorn R Olsen and Sophia Rits
The present study defines RNA-dependent amplification of βAPP mRNA as a molecular basis of beta-amyloid overproduction in Alzheimer’s disease. In this process, βAPP mRNA serves as a template for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RdRp complex. The resulting antisense RNA self-primes its extension utilizing two complementary elements: 3’-terminal and internal, located within an antisense segment corresponding to ... Read more
REVIEW ARTICLE Updated Nov 20, 2019 PDF
Ann Integr Mol Med. 2019;1(1):AIMM-01-1004 | Open Access
Vladimir Volloch, Sophia Rits and Bjorn R Olsen
De novo production of RNA on RNA template, a process known as RNA-dependent RNA synthesis, RdRs, and the enzymatic activity conducting it, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RdRp, were initially considered to be exclusively virus-specific. Eventually, however, the occurrence of RdRs and the ubiquitous presence of conventional RdRp were demonstrated in numerous eukaryotic organisms. The evidence that the enzymatic machinery capable of ... Read more
RESEARCH ARTICLE Updated Aug 25, 2019 PDF
Ann Integr Mol Med. 2019;1(1):AIMM-01-1003 | Open Access
Sophia Rits, Bjorn R Olsen and Vladimir Volloch
Our initial unidirectional understanding of the flow of protein-encoding genetic information, DNA to RNA to protein, a process defined as the “Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” and usually depicted as a downward arrow, was eventually amended to account for the “vertical” information back-flow from RNA to DNA, reverse transcription, and for its “horizontal” side-flow ... Read more
RESEARCH ARTICLE Updated Aug 22, 2019 PDF
Ann Integr Mol Med. 2019;1(1):AIMM-01-1002 | Open Access
Vladimir Volloch
The transfer of protein-encoding genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, a process formalized as the “Central Dogma of Molecular Biology”, has undergone a significant evolution since its inception. It was amended to account for the information flow from RNA to DNA, the reverse transcription, and for the information transfer from RNA to RNA, the RNA-dependent RNA ... Read more
REVIEW ARTICLE Updated Jun 26, 2019 PDF
Ann Integr Mol Med. 2019;1(1):AIMM-01-1001 | Open Access
Gerald H. Lushington
In the last two decades, interest in the pathogenic nature of glycated proteins has spread to enmesh numerous metabolic, autoimmune and neurological disorders, tying together several confounding aspects of disease etiology. From diabetes, arthritis and lupus to multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, the glycation / inflammation paradigm offers significant insight, exposes new drug targets and treatment ... Read more
MINI REVIEW Updated Mar 13, 2019 PDF